With the reliability of electrical power falling far short of consumer needs, businesses are turning to backup power systems
to provide clean, constant electrical supply to mission-critical equipment. One of the most important forms of backup power is the uninterruptible power supply (UPS) which protects against surges, dips or power blackouts. But, to ensure the UPS is operating at its optimum capacity, the UPS batteries must be monitored and maintained. Here’s what you need to know about UPS batteries.
What are the UPS battery types?
There are several types of UPS batteries that your supplier will discuss with you. These include:
1. UPS lead-acid batteries
These are a cost-effective and reliable UPS battery option, although they do come with significant weight and require specialised disposal because of hazardous chemicals. Within lead-acid battery types, there are two options available:
– Valve Regulated (VRLA) or Sealed Lead-Acid (SLA) batteries
The most common form of UPS batteries, this comes with a five- to 10-year lifespan and require a climate-controlled room with a temperature ranging from 20 to 25°C. Because VRLA batteries are sealed, they can be stored horizontally or vertically, and are available in in two electrolyte compositions:
- Absorbed Glass Mat (AGM)
- Gel-filled VRLA
– Open Vented (VLA) or Flooded batteries
These batteries are flooded with electrolyte acid and have a longer lifespan of up to 20 years, making them suited to larger installations. Because VLA batteries aren’t sealed, adequate ventilation systems are needed to allow for the hydrogen to get out. These also need a dedicated room for wash downs if there’s any acid leaks.
2. Nickel-Cadmium (NiCd) UPS batteries
The battery electrodes in NiCd batteries are made of nickel hydroxide on the positive plate, and cadmium hydroxide on the negative plate. They have a 20-year lifespan and can handle a range of temperatures, making them a popular choice in warmer places like the Middle East. Disposal can be costly because of the toxic materials used.
3. Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) UPS batteries
Once used primarily in electronic devices, the Li-Ion UPS batteries are now prominent additions to electric vehicles as well as UPS backup power systems. They are incredibly reliable batteries with built-in battery monitoring and management systems that analyse each battery cell. They are also smaller and lighter, requiring less storage space; operate at higher temperatures; and have double the lifespan of the lead-based batteries. They are costlier, but are fast becoming a more economical alternative because the initial cost is offset by the lower running costs.
How to prolong UPS battery life
Whatever UPS battery type you select, there are ways to extend the battery life of your UPS. Here’s how:
– Correct float voltage
The UPS batteries must be charged within the voltage parameters set out by the manufacturer. If they’re consistently charged outside these parameters, the batteries will be damaged and eventually fail.
– Correct battery application
Make sure you’ve matched the correct battery type to the UPS you’re using. These batteries are made specifically for an appliance. A telecom or switchgear battery, for example, will run for too long and cause the battery plates to overheat.
– Ensure the temperature is in range
UPS batteries have a rated capacity that is based on certain conditions, one of which is the temperature. Most require ambient temperature of around 25°C for optimal performance. Varying temperatures will diminish the performance and lifespan of the UPS batteries.
– Check the battery cycle
If there’s a power dip, surge or cut, then the UPS switches to battery power and, once power resumes, the battery will automatically recharge. This process is known as the ‘discharge cycle’ and every battery has a limited number of discharge cycles in its lifespan. Each cycle diminishes the rated capacity of the battery and, when a battery can no longer supply 80% of its rated capacity, it must be replaced.
– Maintenance
Even if you invest in a ‘maintenance-free’ battery, you will still have to monitor and maintain them as this merely refers to replacing of fluid. The lifespan of your battery will be determined by the care given, which is why you will need to:
- Monitor the UPS batteries, either remotely or in-person.
- Monitor the temperature and storage conditions.
- Perform regular maintenance on UPS batteries and adjust float voltage where needed.
Fortunately, leading suppliers of both UPS devices, batteries and capacitors – JUP Solutions – will provide regular UPS monitoring and maintenance to ensure that all elements of your UPS system are fully functional, and there’s no issue should your primary power source be interrupted.
